{"id":2992,"date":"2021-07-30T13:54:27","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T13:54:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/?page_id=2992"},"modified":"2021-07-30T13:54:27","modified_gmt":"2021-07-30T13:54:27","slug":"on-the-fear-of-type-ii-error","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/?page_id=2992","title":{"rendered":"On the fear of\u00a0type II error"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"justify\"><b>Public Communication and COVID-19<\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Kaloyan<\/b><\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Haralampiev<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Sofia<\/span>\u00a0<span lang=\"en-US\">University<\/span>\u00a0\u201e<span lang=\"en-US\">St. Kliment Ohridski<\/span>\u201c<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">E-mail<\/span>:\u00a0<span lang=\"fr-FR\">k<\/span>_<span lang=\"fr-FR\">haralampiev<\/span>@<span lang=\"fr-FR\">phls<\/span>.<span lang=\"fr-FR\">uni<\/span>\u2013<span lang=\"fr-FR\">sofia<\/span>.<span lang=\"fr-FR\">bg<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b><span lang=\"bg-BG\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Haralampieva-K-issue-48-July-2021-p.103-113.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8644 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1200px-PDF_file_icon.svg_.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 88px) 100vw, 88px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1200px-PDF_file_icon.svg_.png 1200w, https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1200px-PDF_file_icon.svg_-244x300.png 244w, https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1200px-PDF_file_icon.svg_-834x1024.png 834w, https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1200px-PDF_file_icon.svg_-768x943.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"88\" height=\"108\" \/><\/a><\/span>Abstract<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en-US\">: The article seeks to explain ruling politicians\u2019 behavior during the coronavirus crisis with the help of theoretical statistics, more precisely, with the help of statistical inference theory. Type I and type II error rates in decision making are considered. The direct losses and missed benefits in making one decision or another are shown. The ruling politicians\u2019 decisions on the imposition of strict anti-epidemic measures and on vaccination are examined in depth. It is demonstrated that various social groups\u2019 interests underlie the seeming concern for human life and human health.<\/span>\u00a0It is also shown that\u00a0<span lang=\"en-US\">the\u00a0<\/span>leading<span lang=\"en-US\">\u00a0constraint<\/span>\u00a0is who is responsible for human health and human life. When the responsibility lies with the ruling politicians, then they work towards minimizing the\u00a0<span lang=\"en-US\">error<\/span>\u00a0that would lead to direct loss of human health and lives. When the responsibility for one<span lang=\"en-US\">\u2019<\/span>s own health and one<span lang=\"en-US\">\u2019<\/span>s own life lies with people themselves, then\u00a0<span lang=\"en-US\">ruling<\/span>\u00a0politicians work to minimize the\u00a0<span lang=\"en-US\">error<\/span>\u00a0that would lead to\u00a0<span lang=\"en-US\">missed<\/span>\u00a0benefits for pharmaceutical companies.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Keywords<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en-US\">: statistical hypotheses, decision making, error rates, direct losses, missed benefits, coronavirus, vaccination<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rhetoric.bg\/%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%85%d0%b0-%d0%be%d1%82-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%be%d1%82-%d0%b2%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Read the Original in Bulgarian<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Public Communication and COVID-19 Kaloyan\u00a0Haralampiev Sofia\u00a0University\u00a0\u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c E-mail:\u00a0k_haralampiev@phls.uni\u2013sofia.bg Abstract: The article seeks to explain ruling politicians\u2019 behavior during the coronavirus crisis with the help of theoretical statistics, more precisely, with the help of statistical inference theory. Type I and type II error rates in decision making are considered. The direct losses and missed benefits [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2992","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2992"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2993,"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2992\/revisions\/2993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/journal.rhetoric.bg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}